PNU Professional Education Practice Test

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• A preschool teacher uses images and language to represent lessons. This aligns with which cognitive stage?
• What is a main function of the philosophy of education?
• In Freud's structural theory, which parts of the mind are primarily involved in shaping behavior?
• Which philosophy emphasizes unchanging truths as the core of education?
• A person who begins to form an integrated sense of self and asks “Who am I?” is likely to develop which outcome?
• Which elements are typically protected by ethical review in educational research?
• In an inclusive classroom, what is the primary purpose of accommodations?
• Which of the following should be done to build a sense of pride among Filipino youth?
• What philosophy is related to the practice of schools acting as laboratory for teaching reforms and experimentation?
• Which description best captures Piaget's concrete operational thought in school-age children?
• A teacher wants to help Ana increase self-esteem and social acceptance; what suggestion should the teacher give to her parents?
• Activities planned by school clubs/organizations show school-community connection geared towards society's needs. What philosophy is related?
• A carpenter-teacher demonstrates how to build furniture from local resources. What cultural transmission process is this?
• Which memory type stores personally experienced events and contexts?
• In classical conditioning, what is the term for the tendency to respond to stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus?
• Which statement best describes a criterion-referenced assessment?
• With a death threat over her head, a teacher is directed to pass an undeserving student. If she is a hedonist, which action would she likely take?
• What is the focus of Japanese education in the Philippines?
• Which statement best describes a preschooler's readiness to learn new tasks and engage in play activities?
• Which term refers to the development change in the individual, such as aging?
• Which school practice is not based on Social Reconstructionism?
• Which theory emphasizes behavior being shaped by reinforcement and punishment through external stimuli?
• Differentiate between reliability types: internal consistency and test-retest.
• During the Age of Enlightenment, what was believed about progress?
• Which classroom practice best embeds literacy across content areas?
• What role do vocabulary and language structures play in cross-curricular literacy?
• What is the role of formative assessment in instructional decision-making?
• What is Universal Design for Learning (UDL)?
• Bloom's revised taxonomy levels from lower to higher order thinking?
• A Values Education teacher emphasizes ethics in almost all her lessons. Which of the following emphasizes the same?
• Which description would Freud give for a child who exhibits biting, sarcastic behavior?
• Which stage follows the phallic stage and is typically a period of low psychosexual activity?
• Which of the following best describes how literacy across the curriculum supports students' conceptual development?
• On the first day of school, Miss Reyes planned activities to help Grade 2 students sing, plan, learn, and introduce themselves. What process did the teacher emphasize?
• According to Kohlberg, a dutiful citizen who obeys laws is at which level of moral reasoning?
• If a group of students express a preference for American nationality, which obligation of schools toward the state is most likely being unmet?
• Which situation best illustrates the concept of growth?
• Meaningful learning occurs when the new material is related to what students already know.
• Which Piagetian stage is associated with mastering conservation of quantity?
• Which statement best describes internal consistency reliability?
• What is the role of reliability evidence in test interpretation?
• Which Piaget stage includes understanding of conservation and thinking logically about concrete objects?
• Which level of Kohlberg's theory is characterized by obedience to rules and avoidance of punishment?
• Hedonism is a sub philosophy of which broader framework?
• Construct validity is demonstrated by showing that a test measures the theoretical construct; which method is commonly used to establish it?
• Which learning theory emphasizes learning through observation, imitation, and modeling?
• Hedonists claim that pleasure is the highest good and the measure of right action. Which statement best captures this view?
• In Erikson's theory, which crisis reflects the challenge of forming close, intimate relationships with others?
• What is differentiated assessment and provide an example.
• Which Piaget concept describes understanding that quantity remains the same despite changes in shape?
• What is plagiarism and how can teachers help prevent it?
• If researching the psychosocial domain of development, which area is most likely to be of interest?
• In Piaget's theory, which statement best describes the cognitive abilities typical of formal operational thinkers (around adolescence)?
• Which statement best reflects professional ethics in teaching?
• What is PCK and why central?
• Your teacher believes the world and everything in it is ever changing and teaches you the skill to cope with the changes. Which philosophy does this reflect?
• What is the role of learning theory in classroom practice?
• Which concept best describes a quantitative increase in body size such as height and weight?
• If a test demonstrates high reliability, which of the following is likely true?
• Trisha goes to work with her mother; this illustrates which ecological level?
• What is backward design in curriculum planning?
• What is the main source of emotional support for most young people establishing independence from their parents?
• Social reconstructionism focuses on which outcome of education?
• Which of the following situation manifests a balance between teachers responsibility and accountability?
• Elisa, aged 9 to 11, is most likely to demonstrate moral reasoning at which Kohlberg stage?
• Why is reflective practice essential for teachers, and how can it be practiced?
• Which component of long-term memory stores general world knowledge such as dates and facts?
• What is construct underrepresentation and construct-irrelevant variance in the context of test validity?
• Which learning theory emphasizes modeling and social context?
• What has been a common criticism of Freud's psychoanalytic theory?
• Which philosophy emphasizes experiential learning and adapting to change by trial and experimentation?
• Which statement accurately contrasts norm-referenced and criterion-referenced assessments?
• In Erikson's psychosocial theory, which crisis characterizes preschoolers who eagerly begin many new activities but are vulnerable to criticism and feelings of failure?
• How are reliability and the standard error of measurement related?
• What does test-retest reliability assess?
• What does the standard error of measurement represent in test scores?
• Which Piagetian stage is characterized by the ability to understand specific logical ideas and apply them to concrete problems?
• What is an example of criterion-related validity?
• In Freud's theory, what happens if the conflicts at each psychosexual stage are navigated successfully?
• What is the primary purpose of formative assessment in instruction?
• Which statement best defines progressivist education?
• Which characteristic is essential to authentic assessment?
• Which option does not illustrate the principle that rights and duties are correlative?
• What is effect size and why is it important in educational research?
• In ecological theory, the exosystem includes contexts that influence development indirectly, such as which setting?
• Teacher Mica says that if it is brilliant that brings students out of the classroom, let us bring it into the classroom. To which philosophy does she adhere?
• According to Erikson, what is the primary task of adolescence?
• Which statement best defines essentialism in education?
• Describe a simple action research cycle a teacher could implement to improve a classroom practice.
• Which stage is characterized by egocentrism and difficulty taking others' perspectives?
• Which Freud stage is associated with the Oedipus complex?
• In the SAMR model, what is the progression of technology's impact on learning tasks?
• What does construct validity focus on in test development?
• Which theory operates on the "stimulus-response principle", meaning all behaviors are caused by external stimuli?
• Which outcome is most likely when students develop strong literacy skills across the curriculum?
• Which of the following is the aim of our education during the Commonwealth period?
• Which strategy most effectively promotes literacy across disciplines?
• What concept describes Francisco's ability to walk without support at 12 months due to internal ripening?
• In cross-disciplinary teaching, what is the primary benefit of integrating literacy across the curriculum?
• Which statement characterizes formal assessments?
• Which learning theory is described by a teacher using both mental images and verbal representations to enhance learning?
• Which program aligns with the Christian humanitarian principle of respect for the human personality?
• When a baby realizes that a rubber duck that fell out of the tub must be somewhere on the floor, which cognitive achievement has the child achieved?
• Formative feedback vs summative feedback?
• Which statement best describes Cognitivism as a learning theory?
• Which concept is most associated with progressivist belief about knowledge?
• Explain how feedback should be structured to maximize student learning.
• Which statements about human development are true?
• Why is alignment of objectives with standards important in assessment design?
• Scouting and Citizen's Army Training (CAT) aim to build character and citizenship, ultimately leading to a new social order. Which educational philosophy best supports this aim?
• Which of the following is NOT a function of the school?
• A hyperactive child can be best helped by giving him challenging activities appropriate to his ability and interests. Which option is correct?
• Alyssa is eight years old, and although she understands some logical principles, she still has troubles in understanding hypothetical concepts. According to Piaget, which stage does she belong to?
• Which theory can help Miss Samson determine the readiness of her learners by administering a readiness test?
• Manuel, a five-year-old boy can hold his pen and write his name with his right hand. Which term describes Manuel's action?
• Which Freud stage follows the oral stage?
• What best distinguishes item difficulty from item discrimination in tests?
• What is a key risk of neglecting literacy across the curriculum?
• Which philosophy approves a teacher who lectures most of the time and requires students to memorize the rules of grammar?
• Which approach best demonstrates accountability while meeting students' learning needs during a class period?
• Which statement best describes the role of literacy in developing disciplinary thinking?
• What does a high discrimination index indicate about an exam item?
• How can teachers ensure assessment fairness for culturally diverse students?
• Which Freudian component represents instinctual drives and the desire for immediate gratification?
• Which philosophy influenced the cultivation of reflective and meditative skills in teaching?
• Which psychologist is best known for classical conditioning experiments with dogs?
• Which of the following is the chief aim of Spanish education?
• Which concept posits that skills are built in a hierarchical sequence?
• What does inferential statistics allow researchers to do?
• Which situation presents a value conflict in education?
• A teacher who believes in the progressivist theory of education would embrace which reform?
• A teacher who subscribes to the pragmatic philosophy of education believes that experience should follow learning in her teaching. Which of the following does she do to support her belief?
• Which of the following is NOT a reason why the basic education curriculum has been restructured?
• Which learner characteristic is most likely to affect learning in a typical academic class?
• Which theorist proposed eight psychosocial crises across the lifespan?
• The philosophy that emphasizes experience as a means to test ideas and that knowledge arises from experimentation is known as?
• What is the difference between descriptive and inferential statistics in educational research?
• Why is sampling important in educational research?
• Which statement about effect size is true?
• Which law of learning states that students learn best when they are ready to learn?
• Which statement about descriptive statistics is true?
• What is the role of ethical review in educational research involving human participants?
• In Freud's psychosexual stages, which stage is marked by a boy's rivalry with his father for his mother's affection?
• Which scholar outlined five crucial premises of the Idea of Progress, including the value of the past and economic/technological growth?
• Content validity is established by ensuring all relevant facets of the construct are included; how is it usually established?
• Which curricular move served to strengthen spiritual and ethical values?
• Which of the following best describes the role of accommodations in assessment?
• Describe criterion-related validity and provide an example.
• How do culture and language influence learner achievement, and how should teachers respond?
• What is standard deviation and how is it interpreted in test scores?
• What is a performance task and how does it relate to authentic assessment?
• In Kohlberg's model, which level describes morality defined by internalized universal principles?
• Which stage of Freud's psychosexual development is characterized by a focus on schoolwork and vigorous play?
• What is inclusive education, and how does it relate to SPED supports?
• Which scenario best demonstrates literacy across the curriculum?
• Freud described a young boy's guilt feelings arising from jealousy of his father's relationship with his mother as which concept?
• What is a core outcome of strong curricular literacy?
• Which statement best illustrates cumulative learning in cognitive development?
• What is item analysis and why is it conducted?
• What best describes simple random sampling?
• Which psychosocial concept describes the adolescent's struggle to establish personal identity and social roles?
• What is the core idea of ethical hedonism?
• The greatest happiness lies in the contemplative use of mind said Plato. Which of the following activities adheres to this?
• Which is the correct order of Freud's psychosexual stages?
• The practice of teaching hygiene as a social expectation is called?
• The proverb 'Train up a child in the way he should go; when he grows up, he will not depart from it' supports which principle of development?
• Fifteen-year-old Marie is preoccupied with her appearance and seems depressed most of the time. What is the best way for parents to help her?
• A four-year-old who learns to put the same shapes and colors together is typically in which stage of Piaget's cognitive development?
• How do formal and informal assessments differ?
• Name two common research designs used in educational studies.
• In assessment design, what literacy-centered approach enhances learning across content areas?
• What is Cronbach's alpha and what does it indicate?
• A music teacher praising correct answers to reinforce desired behavior exemplifies which learning theory?
• The Electra complex is associated with which gender?
• Which is the most accurate definition of puberty stage?
• Why should a teacher study and understand the customs and traditions of the community where he or she works?
• What is the purpose of a lesson plan's objectives and how should they be written?
• What does TPACK stand for, and what does it involve?
• Which option best reflects nationalism in schools?
• Which process in Social Learning Theory involves acquiring new behaviors by watching others?
• What is the purpose of a validity coefficient, and what is a commonly used statistic to quantify validity evidence?
• What term describes the quantitative increase in height and weight observed during health assessments?
• The process of developing a coherent sense of self during adolescence is called what?
• The following scenario demonstrates which principle: A teacher praises students after they answer correctly?
• What is the correct sequence of prenatal stages of development?
• In Piaget's theory, a child who is about 11 years old can see relationships and reason abstractly. This describes which cognitive ability?
• A teacher demonstrates grouping students according to their needs and using self-paced instructional materials. Which educational philosophy is manifested?
• Why is literacy across the curriculum considered essential for student outcomes?
• Name two accommodations commonly used for assessments.
• Define sampling and name two sampling methods commonly used in educational research.
• During which period is the educational aim described as purely nationalistic and democratic?
• Which statement best describes development?
• Which statement best describes the influence of heredity and environment on height?
• Which statement best describes maturation in human development?
• Which of the following is a formative assessment example?
• What is action research and what is its typical cycle?
• Which philosophy of education influence the singing of the National Anthem in schools?
• Which theory posits that thumb-sucking is a normal behavior in infants?
• Which subject in elementary and secondary education aligns with the goal of training students for citizenship?
• In Erikson's theory, which stage centers on developing a sense of personal identity during adolescence?
• If infants are shown genuine affection, which psychosocial outcome is most likely developed?
• Which psychologist is associated with operant conditioning and the Skinner Box?
• Which statement best describes Erikson's psychosocial theory?
• Connie develops concepts necessary for everyday living and personal independence. This describes which stage?
• Which statement best describes how literacy should be considered in assessment planning?
• Which educational philosophy views schools as sites for social reform and addressing societal needs?
• Name three commonly used instructional strategies to promote higher-order thinking.
• Which practice best implements culturally responsive teaching?
• Which move liberalized access to education during the Spanish period?
• In classical conditioning, which feature describes responding differently to similar stimuli?
• Freud's psychosexual theory posits development through how many stages?
• Which statement best describes proactive classroom routines?
• Tessa's jealousy toward her father over his affection for her mother illustrates which Freudian concept?
• Which philosophy advocates that the curriculum should only include universal and unchanging truths?
• Under Reconstructionism, which classroom practice best manifests the goal of creating a new social order?
• Which stage follows the oral stage in Freud's psychosexual development?
• Which situation shows that a sense of national identity is exemplified?
• What is the main difference between norm-referenced grading and criterion-based grading?
• Which forms of reliability provide evidence of scoring consistency among raters?
• The preoperational stage typically occurs between which ages?
• What is a scoring rubric and why is it important for performance-based assessments?
• Freud's concept describing a girl's unconscious desire to marry her father by supplanting her mother is called
• Which reform advocates the use of English and Filipino as media instruction in specific learning areas?
• In Erikson's psychosocial stages, which stage is characterized by a child asserting power and initiative but feeling guilt when overstepping boundaries?
• Which statement reflects a pragmatic approach to education?
• What best defines a quasi-experimental design?
• Kohlberg's theory identifies a stage where morality is based on social contracts and individual rights. This stage is commonly referred to as
• How does inclusive education address needs of diverse abilities?
• Which option best describes Zen Buddhism's influence on teaching?
• Which statement best differentiates reliability from validity in educational measurement?
• What best describes the difference between the behavior of a 17-year-old girl and her 13-year-old brother?
• A Christian Living teacher emphasizes values development and discipline. What educational philosophy best describes her approach?
• Progressivism as an educational philosophy emphasizes progress in which areas?
• Which statement about Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (PBIS) is correct?